Electrical equalizing system.



B. G, LAMME.

ELECTRICAL EQUALIZING SYSTEM.

APYLIGATIOK FILED SEPT. 3, 190?.

Patented June- 15, 1909.

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INVENTOR Bagjamz'n r'Lamirze 0,422

ATTORNEY B. G. LAMME.

ELECTRICAL EQUALIZING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 3, 1907.

Patented June 15, 1909.

2 SHEBTS-SEBBT 2.

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To all whom it w n graham; Be iow'n that LIBIIZNJAMIN G. LAMME, ac-itlzjen oftlieUnited States, and a resident of "Hittsbin-g, v in tithe county of Allegheny and fitate' 'of 1 ennsylvania, have invented a new and useful} Improvement in Electrical Edualizin Systems, of which the: following is ..a speci cation; 9 v

invention relates ,to systems of electrical distribution, and particnlarly to means @for equalizing the load upo'n the gencratingorv supply] station; when the load upon'the system isvariable.,.. P

The object of my invention is, to provide simple and effective means, that may 7 be employe'd .in connection with alternating current systemsof anynumber of phasesfor absorbing or yielding energy -in accordance with variations in'load upon the system, in

such a manner that :the load upon the gener- 'ating-.or' supply: station of the system may remain substantiallyconstant or may not exceed a predetermined value;

It has heretofore been proposed to employ .fiyrwheels, orother devices having considerable inertia, iIT'SyS'CBmS of distribution that supply translating devices requiring widely "varying amounts of power,'and to so drive .the fly i'vheels a'i'id control their operation that "theioad ii'pon the distributing circuit will remainsubstantially constant, regard less of the variations in the amount of power required by the translating devices.-

In thepresentsystem, a dynamo-electric machine; that may operateeither as a motor or as a generatomnd to which a fly-wheel is mechanicallycoupled, is directly connected to the distributing circuit without the intervention of a rotary converter or other similar device,j a'ndtlielarrangement is such that but compa atively v small and inexpensive machines need be provided and only a single equalizer setisnecessary t'or equalizing the load provided by a plurality of translating devices.

Ii-Then invention is especially adapted for use in connection. with alternating vcurrent systen isof distribution,and in its most useful embodin'ient'it comprises a plurality of mechanicallycoupled dynamo 7 electric machines of the comnuitator type.v one for each phasefof the'system of distribution, a fly 'Wheel being also coiipled to thesaid ma chines. The armatures of the machines are connected, respectively, to the various phases- I Specification of Letters Patent. L jApp lication filed September 3, 1907. Serial No. 391,214.

STAirns PATENT oFFIon.

mama, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR 'rownsrmcuousn nnorms.al nrnoracrca ue COMPANY, A CORPORATION or PENNSYLVANIA.

f .nnncrnrcai. EQUALIZING SYSTEM.

" Patented June 15, 190 9;

of the distributing circuit, and the fieldmotive forces of the armatures may be nearly of the same phases as the electromotive forces of the circuits to which they are connected. The machines are caused to operate alternately as motors .andgenerators, by adjusting their field strengths, or otherwise, in accordance with the variations in the load afforded by the translating devices, energy being stored in the fly-wheel when operating the machines as motors 4 and yielded for operating the machines as generators in order to supply current to the system. v

Figures l and'2 of theaccompanying drawings are diagrammatic views of arrangements of the circuits ofthree-phase systems of distribution that embody my invention, and Figs. and 4% are similar views of two-phase systems of distribution also embodying the invention.

In lg. l, mechanically coupled armatures 1, 2 and 3 of three dynamo-electric machines of the commutator type of construction are connected, respectively, between the difien ent pairs of conductors l, 5 and 6 of a threephase circuit that is supplied from a genera tor 7, or other suitable source, the armatures being provided with large masses, or a flywheel 8 being coupled thereto, in order that the rotatable system may posseesconsiderable inertia. Also connected between the (liilercnt pairs of condimtors of the supply 'circuit are three dclta-connected windings 9, l0 and ll of a threephase transformer, to intermediate points of which terminals of field magnet windings 12, 13 and ii, respectively, of the dynaino-electric machines are cinmecrcd, the remaining teri'ninals of the field magnet windings being connected, respectively, to the extremities of three subdivided impedance devices 15, 1t and 17, preferably of the same power factors as the field magnet wixulings. The vertices of the della-connectcd transformer windings are connected, re-pcctively. to conducting strips l8. l9 and 20 of a controlling device 21 that comprises further three sets of contact terminals 22 that are disposed, respectively, adjaand are connected to the several points of subdivision of the impedance devices 15, 16 and 17.

Theconducting strips 18, 19 and 20 and the adjacent sets of stationary contact term'inals are engaged and electrically connected by movable conducting blocks 23 that are actuated by an electromagnet having a winding 2% to which current is supplied proportional in amount to that required from the distributing circuit l5-6 by any suitable load, such as an induction motor 26. In the present instance, the magnet winding 24 is supplied ,with current proportional ,in

' amount to that traversing the conductor (5 by means of a series transformer 27, though it will be understood, of course, that the said winding may be connected directly in series with the conductor (i, or with any other conductor of the distributing circuit. Thus the positions of the movable blocks 23, with reference to the stationary contact terminals 22, and the amount'of impedance included in circuit. with the field magnet windings 12, 13 and 14, are dependent upon and are determined by the amountof current required by the load from the distributing circuit.

It will be noted that the field magnet windings are severally connected between intermediate points of the delta-connected transformer windings that are connected to the same pairs of circuit conductorsas the corresponding armatures and the remaining circuit conductors. Thus, electromotive forces applied to the field magnetwmdmgs are substantially 90 out of phase, respec-' tioned phasehrelations may not be materially disturbed in eifecting such regulatiomit Will usually be found desirable, though not necessary, that the power factors of the said devices be substantially the same as the power factors of the field magnet windings.

If, in the operation of the system, the

current required of the distributing circuit by the load 26 is less than a predetermined amount, the movable contact blocks 23 of thecontroller 21 will occupy positionssuch that considerable amounts of the impedance afforded by the devices 15,-16and 17 will be included in circuit with the field magnet windings. The field magnet strengths will be-thereby s0 reduced that the counter electromotive forces in the armatures will become less than the electromotive forces of the conductors to which the annatures are connected, and the machines will, therefore, be caused to operate as motors so as to store. energy in the fly-Wheel 8. If the l0ad 1ln creases, the amounts of impedance included in the field circuits will be decreased and the field strengths will be correspondingly increased. The energy previously stored in the rotatable system, including the flywheel, is then yielded to operate the machines as generators of greater electrometive forces than the electromotive forces of the circuit conductors to which the armatures are connected. the field strengths of the machines in accordance with variations in the amount of current required of the distributing circuit,

the machines are caused to operate as motors when the said current is less than a predetermined amountand as generators when the said currentis greater than the pred'e termined amount.

In the system of Fig. 2 the three windings 30, 3'1 and 32 of a tl1ree-phase trans-' former are connected together in star or Y arrangement and to the distributing circuit 45-6, in the usual manner, one terminal of each of field magnet windings 33, 34 and 35 of the dynamo-electric machines, that are adapted to operate either as motors or as generators, being connected to the neutral point or the common connection of the transformer windings, and the other terminals being connected, respectively, to the extremities of the subdivided impedance devices 15, 1t: and 17. The outer extremities of the transformer windings 30, 31 and. 32 are connected, respectively, to the stationary conducting strips 18, 19 and 20 of the controlling device 21, the remainder of the system being substantially like that of Fig. 1.

Thus, by adjusting" It will be, noted that each field magnet winding is supplied from one leg or winding of the three-phase transformer, while the ektremities of the other two legs or windings of thelransformer are connected to the same circuit conductors as the corresponding arnntture, and that, consequentl the elect-romotive" forces applied to the fie d magnet windings are approximately 90 out of phase with those of the circuitconductors v to which the'corresponding armatures are connected. The operation of the system 18 similar in all respects to that of Fig.1..

In a two phase system, electromotive forces may be applied to 'the field magnet windings substantially 90 out of phase with those of the circuit conductors to which the 'armatui'es are connected, by connecting the field magnet windin to different phases'of the distributing circuit than those to which the armatures are connected.

coupled dynamo-electric machines areconconductors of a two-phase distributing circuit -3839l0-41, and field magnet windings 42 and 43 of the machine .iii e siu )plie(l from other pairs of the circuit conductors than those to which {he corresponding armaturcs are connected. m the systems of Figs. 1 and 2, impedance devices 44 and 45' are includedin circuit with the field magnet windings, and the amounts of impedance are adjusted, as before, by means of a controller to that is actuated in response .to variations in the amount of current re qiiired of the distributing circuit.

In the above described systems, the dynamo-electric machines have been caused to operate eithertas motors or generators by adjusting the field strengths thereof so as to cause the counter or general clectromotive forces to be less than or exceed the electromotive forces of the circuit. conductors to which the armatures are connected, but the same result may. be effected by adjusting the voltages of the circuits to which the armatures are connected so as to cause them to exceed or be less than the counter or generated electromotive forces of the machines. This is accomplished in the system of Fig. l. in which primary windings 4-8 and all) of two transformers and 51 are connected between different pairs of conductors of a two: phase distributing circuit 53-5455, the said transformers having subdivided secondary windings56 and 57 from which arinaturcs 58 and 59 and field magnet windlugs (30 and 61 of two mechanically coupled dynamo-electric machines are, respectively, supplied. The several. points of subdivision of the secondary windings 56 and 57 are. con nccted to two sets of stationary contact terminals 62 of controlling device (33 that is constructed and operated in a manner similar to the controllers of Figs. 1, 2 and 3. The controlling device is adapt-ed to connect one terminal of each of the armatures 58'and 59 to suitable points in the secondary windings 56 and 57 in order to adjust the voltages of the circuits to which the armatures are connected and to cause the said'voltages to begreater or less than the counter or generated electromotiveforces of tlie'said machines.- Thus, when the-current required of the distributing circuitis less than the predetermined amount, the armaturcs are connected between high voltage points of, the trans formerwindings 5G and 57, and the machines are caused to operate as motors andv to store energy in the fly-wheel 8 and in the remain- (ler of the rotatable system, which energy is used to operate the machines as generators when the current required of the distributing circuit is greater than a predetermined amount and the arii'iaturcs are connected to lOW-VOltii 'B points of, the transformer windings 5G and 57.

I claim as my invention: 1. The combination with a polyphase alternating current distributing circuit, and a' plurality of mechanically coupled dynamoelectric machines having their armatu'res associated, respectively, with the differently phased ele'ct'roi'notivc forces thereof, of means for deriving from the distributing circuitand applying tov the field magnetwindings clcctromotive forces that differ in phase, rcspectivcly, from those of the said circuitwith which the corresponding armatures are associated, and means for adjusting the field strengths of the said machines to cause them to operate as motors when the current required from the distributing circuit is less" than apredetermined amount and cooperate as generators when the said currentis greater than the predetermined amount.

' 2. The combination with a polyphase alternating current.v distributing circuit and a plurality of dynamo-clectric machines mechanically coupled together and to parts possessing considerable inertia and havingv their armatures associated, respectively, with different pairs of conductors of said circuit, of three delta-connected transformer windings connected to the distributing circuit, the field magi'iet. windings of the machines being supplied with currents derived from circuits extending bet ween intermediate points of the transformer windings that are connected to the same circuit conductors as those with which the corresponding armaturcs are associated and the conn cctions-b'e tween the other two transformer windings.

3. The (f()l!1l)l]ltll'l()l'i with a polyphase alter-. nating current distributing circuit. and a plurality of mechanically coupled dynamoelectric machines having their armatures associated, respectively, with different pairs of conductors thereof, of three delta-connected transformer "windings connected to the distributing circuit, the field magnet windings of the machines being supplied with currents derived from circuits extending between intermediate points of thetransformer windings that are connected to the same circuit conductors as those with which the corresponding armatures are associated and the connections between the other two transformer windings, and-means for adjusting the field strengths of the machines to cause them to operate as ,n'u t()rs" Whe11 the current;

electric machiiies having their armatures'associated, respectively, with the differently phased electromotive forces thereof, of means: tor deriving from the distributing circuit,v

plurality of mechani ally coupled dynamo- 4 and applying tothe field magnet windings electromotive forces that differ in phase, respectively, from those of the said circuit with which the corresponding til-matures are associuted, and means for effecting adjustment of the ratio of the respective electroinotive forces of the said circuit and of the said 'armatures.

5. The combination with it polyplmse ulternating currentdistrihuting circuit, and a plurality of mechanically coupled dynun'ioelectric machines huvingtheir armutures associated, respectively, with different pairs of conductors thereof, of u polyphuse transformer connected to the distributing circuit and fl'OlD which the field magnet windings of the umchines are supplied, and means for -;1 pretletermiued amount.

in testimonywhereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name tlns 28th day of August, l 907. I

v BFNJ. G. ln-KMMIL \Y it nesees:

()T'ro S. Senwuucu, 1511mm INKS. 

